The free vibration analysis of homogeneous isotropic micropolar thermoelastic cylindrical curved plate in Circumferential direction has been investigated in the context of generalized themoelasticity III, recently developed by Green and Naghdi. The model has been simplified using Helmholtz decomposition technique and the resulting equations have been solved using separation of variable method. Mathematical modeling of the problem to obtain dispersion curves for curved isotropic plate leads to coupled differential equations and solutions are obtained by using Bessel functions. The frequency equations connecting the frequency with Circumferential wave number and other physical parameters are derived for stress free cylindrical plate. In order to illustrate theoretical development, numerical solutions are obtained and presented graphically for a magnesium crystal.

Modal signals of transverse sensing of truncated conical shells with simply supported boundary condition at both ends are investigated. The embedded piezoelectric layer on the surface of conical shell is used as sensors and output voltages of them in considered modes are calculated. The Governing sensing signal displacement equations are derived based on the Kirchhoff theory, thin-shell assumption, piezoelectric direct effect, the Gauss theory and the open circuit assumption. A conical shell with fully covered piezoelectric layer is considered as a case study and the layer is segmented into 400 patches. Modal voltages of the considered model are calculated and evaluated. The ideal locations for sensor patches are in the middle of conical shell surface in the longitudinal direction and locations near the ends of the conical shell are not recommended. The longitudinal membrane strain signal has a leading role on the total signal in comparison with other strain signal components. The output signals of the sensor can be used as a controller input for later active vibration control or structural health monitoring.

This paper reports on a numerical simulation of Circumferential groove casing treatment in a high-speed axial fan. Four Circumferential grooves of the same geometry are located over the tip of a NASA Rotor-67 and unsteady calculations are performed from choke to near-stall. Results show that Circumferential grooves reduce the incidence angle near the pressure surface at the blade leading-edge. Furthermore, the passage shock and the leakage flow are pushed rearward in the passage. It is found that Circumferential grooves increase the momentum in the streamwise direction (fluid is absorbed by the grooves from their downstream part and is injected from their upstream section). The grooves also provide a flow path between the suction and pressure surface, leading to a reduction in the pressure difference between them. At the near-stall point the flow field near the grooves was found to be highly unsteady. Maximum unsteadiness was observed in the first upstream groove: the circulated mass flow rate changed as high as roughly 30 percent of its time-averaged value. As a result, in order to simulate Circumferential groove casing treatment in compressors, unsteady computations are required.

In this study, the kinematic effect of two molding methods in the manufacture of foot orthoses on ankle jointwas examined. The aim of this study was to determine a more beneficial method about ankle kinematics in themanufacture of insoles for people with flexible flat foot. Ten males aged 19 to 27 years, with normal BMI andnormal gait pattern participated in this study, all of them had flexible flatfoot. Each person wearing specialshoes on three situations: stepped without the insole, with the Slipper cast insole and Circumferential wrapmethod insole and in each situation completed a walk cycle. The kinematic data were collected and measuredfor each subject under three assumed positions by VICON motion analysis system. For comparison and analysisof three assumed situation, repeated measures test (ANOVA) was used. The results of this study show that theuse of two molding method, had no immediate effect on reducing the average maximum eversion angle of theankle. Eversion speed limit in the ankle was not affected by insole molding and no significant difference wasobserved. Compared to the situation without insoles, insole with the Slipper cast and Circumferential wrapmolding method led to little difference in amplitude eversion. This study evaluated immediate effect of insoles.Two custom foot orthotics intervention did not lead to significant decreases in maximum eversion angle ofankle in the frontal plane.

Destruction of earth in arid and semi-arid ecosystems is considered as a serious environmental problem in 21th century that effect on universe population. The purpose of the present research is studying the relationship between vegetation and soil feature, determining the most important environmental factors on separate types of eruption on the suburb lands of Alma Gol Pond. The sampling was done randomly. To determine the correlation between environment and vegetation, canoncial correspondence analysis was done for environmental factors, and to ordinate the types of eruption, cluster analysis using CANOCO and PC-ord softwares were applied. Cluster analysis results showed 50% similarity between 7 groups of plants, and the results of cononcial correspondence analysis show that plants react differently to environmental factors. So the plants groups which from plant communities are effected by similar environmental factors. Hygroscopic and moisture escape plants were seperated totally. The hygroscopics contain Rumex acctatus, the moisture escape contain Artemisia siberi and Hordeum morinum, the communities on hillsides and height cotain Salsola turcomaniea, Phalaris minor, the halophyts communities contain Salicornia europa and salsola aurontiaceae. The non passion communities contain Plantago cornopus and Juncus inflexus. The results of this research show that the environmental factors affect on the establishment and mosaic distributon of plant communities, and the most important factors affecting on plant communities seperation are soil acidity and soil salinity.

In this paper, the effect of composite patch on cylindrical pipe with Circumferential through-wall crack has been investigated under internal pressure. For this purpose, using three-dimensional finite element and J-integral, stress intensity factors is determined before and after the repair. In order to ensure the accuracy of modeling, a pipe with Circumferential through-wall crack under uniform tension load is simulated and the results are compared with theoretical data. Then, the cracking cylinder is repaired using four composite patches of Boron/Epoxy, Carbon/Epoxy, Kevlar/Epoxy and Glass/Epoxy in a local manner. The results of study are shown the significant effect of composite patches on reducing the stress intensity factor of cracked cylinder. It is observed that the use of composite patches with higher stiffness has a more decreasing effect on stress intensity factor. Also, the effect of composite patch, properties and thickness of adhesive on stress intensity factors along crack front is evaluated.

Energy absorbers are used to store undesirable energy. Thin walled tubes are one of the most common energy absorbing components in. In this paper energy absorption of aluminum tubes with Circumferential pattern is investigated. The pattern with different wave length and amplitude is made on the tube’ s wall. Then, using numerical simulation, static energy absorbing characteristics of different tubes are investigated. The goal is to study the effect of pattern geometry on tube’ s energy absorbing characteristics. Findings show that in some parameters related to energy absorption, the values for tubes with and without pattern are somewhat similar. However, generally speaking results show that producing patterns with certain geometrical properties can considerably increase the capacity of tubes in energy absorption.

Reinforced concrete reservoirs (RCR) have been used extensively in municipal and industrial facilities for several decades. The design of these structures requires that attention be given not only to strength requirements, but to serviceability requirements as well. These types of structures will be square, round, and oval reinforced concrete structures which may be above, below, or partially below ground. The main challenge is to design concrete liquid containing structures which will resist the extremes of seasonal temperature changes, a variety of loading conditions, and remain liquid tight for useful life of 50 to 60 years. In this study, optimization is performed by particle swarm algorithm basd on structural design. Firstly by structural analysis all range of shell thickness and areas of rebar find. In the second step by parameter identification system interchange algorithm, source code which developed in particle swarm algorithm by MATLAB software linked to analysis software. Therefore best and optimized thicknesses and total area of bars for each element find. Lastly with Circumferential stiffeners structure optimize and show 19% decrease in weight of rebar, 20% decrease in volume of concrete, and 13% minimum cost reduction in construction procedure compared with conventional 10,000 m3 RCR structures.